Power of Women Essay Example for Free

Power of Women Essay Behind every great man is an even greater woman. This certainly hold true in many cases. Woman can be the driving force in any successful man. However, a woman can also use her strong influence in a negative way. Woman do have power, lots of it. But Im not just talking about the power within the family, or power in the workplace or even power in higher political office. I m talking about a more basic kind of power: Power over Men. If a woman recognizes her power over men, she can own a man. I dont care who the man is but if she wants him and hes at all attracted to her, she chan own him. Feminine charm is one of the element of this power. It can stops a man on his tracks even when theres no overwhelming physical attraction. Theres also a spiritual power that women have, especially with men who instinctively repect or idolize women. Men acknowledge a womans power. They may welcome it at times. But always remember that men always want to feeel like a man. So women should be really careful. This power needs to use wisely. In the absence of man, can woman really be like a man? I think yes. There are woman who is capable in finance, even being a capable single parent and bread winner. In this respect, a woman will have to be like a man. Of course she cannot match the physical strength of him. This just only mean that nowadays, a woman can do what man can do. Things back before, they were very strict for women. They had no rights; no rights to vote, no freedom of speech, they did not work, they stay at home and took care of their household and wifely duties. Thankfully that the legal status of them changed since the 18th century. Things have changed due to eomen actively becoming contributors as a breadwinner of their household. Some of the factors of this are, they work in full time jobs and some of them occupy the best position. Some also dont want to get married and have a traditional family. Others are changing to openly raise a family with another woman where the societys critism is becoming less harsh everyday. Maybe because they already now their characteristics and find it more compatible thats why they chose to have a relationship with the same gender. Compassion is one of the characteristics within women that tends to be greater than men. They give a better undstanding of a person and feel what they feel. This allows people to trust and have a good relationship. Because woman have good communication skills, they can use it by showing their feeling which  encourage openness in relationships. Men as we all know are not very vocal when it comes to showing their feelings thats why woman are there. They are the ne whos in charge in teaching their children, managing the expenses and more. Wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, and grandmothers are important people in everyones lives. People should know how to respect them especially men. In todays world, theyre not below level of anyone but considered as great women with great responsibilities aside from bearing a child. Ill end this talk by saying a quote which is The beauty of a woman must be seen in her eyes because that is the doorway to her heart, the place where love resides.

Stop smoking Essay Example for Free

Stop smoking Essay Whether you’re a teen smoker or a lifetime pack-a-day smoker, quitting can be tough. But the more you learn about your options and prepare for quitting, the easier the process will be. With the right game plan tailored to your needs, you can break the addiction, manage your cravings, and join the millions of people who have kicked the habit for good.Smoking tobacco is both a physical addiction and a psychological habit. The nicotine from cigarettes provides a temporary, and addictive, high. Eliminating that regular fix of nicotine will cause your body to experience physical withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Because of nicotine’s â€Å"feel good† effect on the brain, you may also have become accustomed to smoking as a way of coping with stress, depression, anxiety, or even boredom. At the same time, the act of smoking is ingrained as a daily ritual. It may be an automatic response for you to smoke a cigarette with your morning coffee, while taking a break from work or school, or during your commute home at the end of a long day. Perhaps friends, family members, and colleagues smoke, and it has become part of the way you relate with them. To successfully quit smoking, you’ll need to address both the addiction and the habits and routines that go along with it.While some smokers successfully quit by going cold turkey, most people do better with a plan to keep themselves on track. A good plan addresses both the short-term challenge of quitting smoking and the long-term challenge of preventing relapse. It should also be tailored to your specific needs and smoking habits.

Transplant Rejection: Causes, Types and Prevention

Transplant Rejection: Causes, Types and Prevention Through this project I have researched transplants of organs, cells and tissues, Transplant rejection, the Human Immune System and the role of antibodies. Transplatation is the process where healthy cells, tissue or organs are moved from one site to another. There are different types of transplants and many problems that can occur with transplantation. The largest threat to a successful organ transplant is the Human Immune System, because it rejects the transplant. The role of the human immunity system is to protect the body from harmful, infecting agents. It destroys the transplant recognizing it as foreign and a potential treat to the body. This is known as Transplant Rejection. There are many different types of Transplant Rejection, each with there own diagnosis methods and symptoms. There are different ways of prevention and treatment, including tissue typing to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient match and using Immunosuppressant drugs that suppress the immune system of the recipient. There are two kinds of immunity in a human. The bodys first line of defence is the Innate Immunity and the specific response to the invaders is the Adaptive Immunity. Many white blood cells form the main components of the immune system and they identify and destroy invading agents. There are also different types of immune responses including the Humoral immune response. Antibodies, Y-shaped proteins, form part of the Humoral response. The structure of all antibodies are very similar, except for a small unique region at the ends of the two arms of the Y used for recognising agents. Antibodies can destroy the foreign material or help destroy them by tagging it for attack by other parts of the immune system. Antibodies are very important in transplant rejection, because they form part of the mechanism that rejects the organ or tissue and are one of the most important cells of the Human Immunity System. They help lead to Transplant Rejection and the destruction of the transplanted organ or tissue. INDEX (Jump to): Introduction Hypothesis Transplants Types of Transplants Problems With Transplantation Transplant Rejection Types of Transplant Rejection Diagnosis and Symptoms Prevention and Treatment Potential Further Studies The Human Immune System and Antibodies Types of Immune Responses Conclusion Bibliography Referencing INTRODUCTION: The role of the Human Immunity System is to protect the body from harmful, infecting agents. This protection is very important to keep our bodies healthy and functioning at the best it can, but this protection is also the largest problem in organ and tissue transplants. Transplantation has replaced many people damaged organs with healthy organs and is used to cure many tissue and cell diseases. The Human Immunity System is the largest threat to successful organ and tissue transplants, but why does the Human Immunity reject the transplanted organ or tissue? And is it possible that transplant rejection can be prevented? The body is constantly under attack from harmful substances that can cause damage and destruction to the human body, but we are protected. The human immunity system is bodys natural defence mechanism. What causes an immune response? And how does the immune system respond to foreign materials? Antibodies are an important part in the human immunity system. They can recognize, neutralize and destroy harmful materials, but what exact role does an antibody play in human immunity? Where and why are antibodies produced? Through this project I will explore transplants, transplant rejection, human immunity and the role of antibodies and finally prove or contradict my hypothesis. HYPOTHESIS: Antibodies do not play a role in the rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue. Transplants Transplatation is the action of healthy cells, tissue or organs that are transplanted (grafted) from one site to another. A transplanted organ can replace a recipients damaged, malfunctioning or absent organ and grafting of cells and tissue can also cure many diseases. A kidney (most common), heart, lungs, pancreas, liver, skin, cornea, blood, blood vessels, bone marrow, stem cells, cord blood, intestine, stomach, testis, thymus, bones, tendons, heart valves and veins, hand, Islets of Langerhans and ovaries can now be transplanted. The transplanted organ or tissue is commonly known as a graft. While the lack of organs for transplantation remains an obstacle, the biggest challenge for transplantation is the immune system. It destroys a transplanted graft recognizing it as foreign and a potential treat to the body. [2][7][9][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Types of Transplants Autografts: Grafts of tissue from one area of the body to another part e.g. Skin transplants, vein extractions, etc. Autografts are not foreign tissue and therefore there is no immune reaction. Allografts: Grafts between members of the same species. Most organ transplants are allografts. Because of genetic differences between the organ and the recipient, the recipients immune system will identify the organ as foreign and attempts to destroy it, causing transplant rejection. Isografts: Forms part of allografts and are grafts between genetically identical individuals. Isografts do not trigger an immune response. Xenografts/ Xenotransplantation: Grafts between members of different species. E.g. the use of organs from other animals, like chimpanzees, baboon and pigs. In Xenografts there is a large risk of rejection and diseases carried in the tissue. [2][7][9][19][20][22] Problems with Transplantation Graft/transplant rejection: The immune system, recognizing the transplanted graft as foreign, will cause a rejection of the graft. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): T-cells, in the graft from the donor, identify the tissues of the recipient as a foreign antigen and mounts an immune attack against them. This is prevented by removing all T-cells in the graft before transplantation. In rare cases the donated organ may be infected and transmit an agent to the recipient. E.g. TB, rabies, syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV and many other diseases. To prevent this, potential donors are tested for these infections before the transplantation. [2][12][19] Transplant Rejection Transplant rejection is also know as Graft Rejection and organ or tissue rejection. Transplant Rejection occurs when a transplanted organ or tissue is not accepted by the body of the recipient, because the immune system of the recipient attacks and tries to destroy the transplanted organ or tissue. The body identifies the graft as foreign material and therefore triggers a rejection. This is expected because the Human Immunity Systems purpose is to protect the body by identifying and destroying foreign material that are potentially harmful. These harmful substances have proteins called antigens on their surfaces, when the immune system identifies these antigens as foreign, it will start to attack them. The degree and type of response varies according to the type of transplant and the organ or tissue being transplanted. Certain sites in the body are immune privileged, which means they are protected from attack, because immune cells and antibodies do not reach them. The anterior chamber of the eye, the testes and the brain are all immune privileged. Using the patients own tissue for autografts or tissue from an identical twin, isografts, when available prevents transplant rejection as the recipient sees the transplant as self, not as foreign and therefore does not mount an attack. Using a relative (sibling) as a donor is also recommended, because they may have inherited some of the same histocompatibility antigens and therefore the immune response may not be as strong. [2][3][4][7][8][11][12][23] Types of Transplant Rejection: Hyperacute Rejection Hyperacute Rejection is a rare humoral complement-mediated response in recipients with pre-existing antibodies to the donor. This reaction occurs immediately after the transplantation. No treatment is available for it and the graft must be removed quickly to prevent a severe systemic inflammatory response or death. Acute Rejection Acute rejection usually begins one week after the transplant, but it can occur months to years after transplantation. The new organ will be incapable of working at full efficiency. A single episode of acute rejection is not dangerous, if it recognized and treated it rarely leads to organ failure. Acute rejection occurs to some degree in all transplants and is caused by mismatched HLA. The Immune system will recognize the graft as foreign and will mount an attack against it. Acute rejection is a form of Cell-mediated response. Humeroral Rejection Humeroral Rejection is mediated by antibody and complement Immunity. It can occur immediately or during the first week after the transplantation. The antibodies are preformed antibodies or anti-donor antibodies that have developed after transplant. Chronic Rejection Chronic Rejection is the rejection against a graft due to chronic inflammatory and immune response. This rejection occurs over time (sometimes years after the transplant) and may occur from repeated episodes of acute rejection or for other causes not understood. Chronic Rejection is rare and is both antibody cell-mediated immune responses. Chronic rejection is irreversible and there is no successful treatment. Eventually the donor organ is lost, leading to re-transplant or death. [3][7][8][23] Diagnosis and Symptoms Diagnosis of transplant rejection relies on clinical data, including signs and symptoms, lab testing and a tissue biopsy to confirm that the graft has been rejected. The biopsy is interpreted by a pathologist who notes changes in the tissue that suggest rejection. E.g. presence of T-cells and other cell types that may be helpful in diagnosing the type of rejection and any evidence of structural injury or injury to blood vessels in the transplanted tissue. The symptoms of transplant rejection vary depending on the organ or tissue transplanted, but general symptoms include the organ not functioning properly, general discomfort, uneasiness or ill feeling, pain or swelling in the location of organ (rare) and fever (rare). [1][23] Prevention Treatment Tissue Typing Transplant rejection can be reduced through serotyping (tissue typing or crossmatching) before the transplantation to identify the antigens it contains and to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient match. ABO blood typing or HLA (Tissue antigen) typing is performed to ensure that the organ or tissue is as similar as possible to the tissues of the recipient. The antigens responsible for rejection of tissues are called histocompatibility antigens. These antigens are encoded by genes on chromosome 6, called the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). The MHC is called the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system in humans. HLA are present on all cells of the body. Each individual has a unique combination of HLA and matching as many histocompatibility antigens will minimize the size and speed of rejection. MHC molecules present antigens to the T-cells of the immune system. When a foreign material enters a body cell, the MHC molecules inside the body cell bind to the antigen and transport it to the body cells surface. The antigen can now be recognized by a T-cell. Immunosuppressant Drugs Immunosuppressant drugs can treat and prevent transplant rejection. The drugs suppress the immune system of the recipient and are usually necessary for all transplants to prevent the graft from being rejected. The drugs should be used for the rest of the transplant recipients life. Most immunosuppressive drugs have the disadvantage of being non-specific and they result in suppression of the entire immune responses and therefore placing the recipient at a higher risk of infections. It is needed to develop more specific immunosuppressive drugs that will suppress only the responses that attack the graft, without dangerous side effects. Drugs like azathioprine (Imuran), methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, prednisone, belatacept, corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, prednisolone, mycophennolate mofetil, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and rapamycin are routinely used in different combinations for a safe level of immunosuppression. Side effects of immunosuppression drugs include infections, as the immune system is vital to protect us from infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc). Usually the infections can be controlled by the appropriate antibiotic, antiviral drug, etc. The chance of Cancer is also increased with the use of immunosuppression drugs. [1][2][5][6][7][8][12][16][19][23] Potential Further Studies Demi-Lee Brennan, an Australian whose body changed blood type and adopted the immune system of her donor after a liver transplant. Her body no longer rejects the transplanted liver. Her case is unique and scientists are interested in finding out how this occurred. Duplication of this would be a potential solution to transplant rejection. Some grafts survive despite the presence of anti-donor antibodies. This acquired resistance to antibody-mediated damage is known as Accommodation and is poorly understood. [6][8] The Human Immune System and Antibodies The immune system recognizes as foreign and attacks anything different from your normal body tissues. Even substances that are only slightly different, for example a transplanted organ or tissue, are considered foreign invaders. The immune system uses histocompatibility antigens to recognize material as self or foreign. Antigens occur on the surface of every cell and the immune system will attack anything that does not display the antigen of that individual. The immune system cannot tell if the foreign material is harmful or not, just that it is different. The transplanted organ or tissue is different and therefore the immune system will try to destroy it. There are two kinds of immunity in a human, Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity. The bodys first line of defence against invaders is the Innate Immunity. It is provided by barriers like tears, mucus, skin, saliva and the rapid inflammation of tissue. If an invader gets past the Innate Immunity, the immune system will make a customized defence, the Adaptive Immunity. It is a specific response depending on the specific invader and it has a memory, which allows it to respond better to the specific invader if it attacks again. The Adaptive Immunity does not attack normal body components, only substances it recognizes as non-self. White blood cells (leukocytes) are the main component of the immune system. Macrophages, a type of white blood cells, surround and eat invading materials. Macrophages can also attach to themselves to invading agents and transport them to another part of the immune system to be destroyed. Lymphocytes are specialized white blood cells that identify and destroy invading antigens. Each lymphocyte has a unique antigen receptor on its surface that can bind to a matching antigen on the surface of the foreign invader. They constantly travel throughout the body looking for invaders. All lymphocytes begin as stem cells in bone marrow, but they mature in two different places. Several lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and they are called B-lymphocytes (B-cells). B-cells form Plasma cells that make antibodies. Each B-cell has a unique receptor on its membrane, called B-cell receptor (BCR) that is designed to fit a specific antigen. When the BCR binds to an antigen molecule, the B-cell surrounds it and breaks it up. The result is the histcompatibilty molecules and then the body B-cell can identify the antigen. Other lymphocytes called T-lymphocytes (T-cells) mature in the thymus. Some T-cells called cytotoic or Killer T-cells directly destroy cells that are displaying a certain antigen on their surface. Other T-cells, Helper T-cells, regulate the immune system by controlling the strength of immune responses. [1][3][5][6][7][8][10][11][23] Types of Immune Responses Humoral Immune Response The Humoral response attack invaders that act outside of cells, like bacteria and poisons. When an invader antigen enters the body, Macrophages take the antigen and attach it to MHC molecules. The MHC molecules display the antigen to the T-helper cells and they attach to the presented antigen. This stimulates the T-helper cells to divide and produce interleukins. The Interleukins activate a B-cell that has bound the antigen. The activated B-cells then divide and secrete antibodies. Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins (lg), are Y-shaped proteins and they are found in blood and other bodily fluids of vertebrates. Antibodies are produced by a kind of white blood cell, called a plasma cell. Surface immunoglobulin are attached to the membrane of the effector B-cells, while antibodies are the secreted into the bloodstream and body cavities. The membrane-bound form of an antibodies is forms part of the BCR on B-cells. The general structure of all antibodies are very similar, except for a small region at the ends of the two arms of the Y used for binding antigens. This allows many different antigen binding sites to exist between the antibodies, allowing the immune system to recognize a wide diversity of antigens. The base of the Y determines how the antibody will destroy an antigen or foreign material. Antibodies into are classified into 5 classes/isotypes: lgM, lgG, lgA, lgD and lgE. They perform different roles and form part of the immune response against foreign objects. The secreted antibodies bind can the antigen and destroy it. Antibodies may also stop the harmful effects of an antigen by attaching to it and neutralizing it. Antibodies also help destroy antigens by tagging it for attack by other parts of the immune system. Cell-mediated Immune Response The Cell-mediated Response attacks invaders, like viruses, that reproduce inside cells. It also destroys cells that cause the growth of improper structures, like cancers. After an invader antigen enters the human body, Macrophages attach the antigen to MHC molecules. The MHC molecules present the antigen to the T-helper cells and they bind the antigen, which motivates the T-helper cells to divide and secrete interleukins. The Interleukins activate killer T-cells. Killer T-cells directly destroy the cell/s that are infected with or that are producing a certain antigen. [3][7][8][10][11] CONCLUSION: My Hypothesis that antibodies do not play a role in the rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue is incorrect. Antibodies are very important in transplant rejection, because they form part of the mechanism that rejects the organ or tissue and they are one of the main components of the Human Immunity System. When the healthy organ or tissue is transplanted into the body of the recipient, it does not have the same tissue antigens of the recipients body. Each human has unique tissue antigens, therefore a perfect match is seldom found. Antibodies form part of humoral rejection response to the transplanted organ or tissue. They are the main element in recognizing a foreign agent, because they have unique antigen binding sites. Antibodies especially play a role in Hyperacute, Humeroral and Chronic Transplant Rejection, as they are all humoral-mediated rejections. Anti-Donor antibodies are secreted by plasma cells after the T-helper cells have collected the transplants antigen and identified it as foreign and non-self. Pre-existing antibodies circulate through the bodily fluids of the human body looking for foreign material to recognize. Some antibodies also form part of the membrane receptor of the B-cells used to identify and recognize antigens of the transplanted organ or tissue. After the antibodies have bond to the foreign antigen of the transplanted organ or tissue, therefore recognizing it, it will decide how to destroy the organ or tissue or if it will tag it for attack from other parts of the immune system. Leading to Transplant Rejection and the destruction of the transplanted organ or tissue. BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCING: Websites: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000815.htm, Transplant Rejection, Medline Plus, 23 February 2010, David A. Kaufman, MD, Section Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care Sleep Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital-Yale New Haven Health System, and Assistant Clinical Professor, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Transplants.html, Organ Transplants, 1 November 2009 http://www.chfpatients.com/tx/txrejection.htm, Transplant Rejection, CHF Patients, 3 June 2002 http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/medicaldepartments/surgery/rejection/index.html, Rejection: Organ Transplantation, UI Healthcare, 7 August 2006, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics http://immunology.suite101.com/article.cfm/why_organ_transplants_fail, Why Organ Transplants Fail, Immunology, 5 June 2009, Jitendra Rathod http://discoverysedge.mayo.edu/abo_posxmatch/index.cfm, Overcoming Antibody Barriers to Kidney Transplant, Discoverys Edge, 2010, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/432209-overview, Immunology of Transplant Rejection, eMedicine, 28 July 2009, Prashant Malhotra, MBBS, Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Shore University Hospital http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_rejection, Transplant Rejection, Wikipedia, 27 March 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplant, Organ Transplant, Wikipedia, 21 March 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody, Antibody, Wikipedia, 23 March 2010 Books: Westen, Trevor. 1976. The Hamlyn Family Medical Dictionary. Hong Kong: Toppan Printing Co. p16,187-188,367-368. Danovith, Gabriel. 2001. Handbook of Kidney Transplantation Third Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. p17-61,146-162. Malan, Marais.1968. Heart Transplant. Johannesburg: Voortrekkerpers. p21-36. Magazines: Meyer, Rilette. Die grootste geskenk. Vroukeur. August 2009, p22 Unknown. n Geskenk van lewe. Vroukeur. August 2009, p31 Salzwedel, Ilse. Bloed Bande. Huisgenoot. Winter 2008, p22-28 Ramsamy, Prevashni. The Ultimate Donation. February 2006, p30-32 Newspapers: Unknown. Orgaanskenkings gee die geskenk van lewe. Die Burger. 29 September 1998 Hudsen, Mari. So verloop die proses van orgaanskenking. Die Burger. 14 August 2000, p5 Gerber, Jan. Tekort aan skenkers van organe. Die Burger. 14 April 2007 Wessels, Elsa. Nalaat van organe vir oorplanting is grootste geskenk denkbaar. Die Burger. 5 August 1998, p13 Kees, Revona. Orgaanskenkers kan talle lewens red. Die Burger. 31 August 2005, p10 Medical Journals: Chan, Laurence. 2000. Transplant Rejection and its Treatment. Chapter 9 (pg. 9.1 9.13). Cover Picture and Background: Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Outline-body-aura.png

Goodman Brown’s Loss of Faith in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote Young Goodman Brown based on morals and what Easterly in "Lachrymal Imagery in Hawthorne's 'Young Goodman Brown' " calls "spiritual maturity" (Easterly 339). In the short story, Goodman Brown, a young Puritan leaves his wife of three months to watch a witch ceremony in the forest. During this point in time, Puritans based their lives on teachings of religion and morality; therefore, witch-meetings were surely immoral, and they betrayed the commitment of God. Dwelling in the forest throughout the night, Goodman Brown experiences an event that changes his entire perspective of life. In one night, the event destroys "his relationship with his wife Faith, isolates him from his neighbors, and destroys his ability to worship God"(Easterly 339). Eventually, Goodman Brown dies without his faith, and "they carved no hopeful verse upon his tombstone; for his dying hour was gloom"(Easterly 339). Â   Before Brown leaves the house, Faith begs him to stay saying, "...put off your journey until sunrise, and sleep in your own bed to-night" (Hawthorne 298), but of course, Brown ignores her plea and continues his journey anyhow. In the forest, he meets a man with a staff "which bore the likeness of a great black snake" (Hawthorne 299), an ultimate representation of evil. Surely, Goodman Brown knows that the witch meeting appears to be his destination. Walking through the forest, he pays close attention to every tree and every rock. As he proceeds his journey, Brown sights Faith and his moral and spiritual adviser, along with Deacon Gookin and the minister. He then notices Goody Cloyse, an old "Christian woman" (Hawthorne 300), rushing through the woods. Surely Brown's suspicion begins to take over, now curious about... ... and spiritual maturity because he could not handle the fact that others worshiped the devil (those he certainly did not expect). In this, Hawthorne tells us that the man who sheds no tears lives the rest of his life a sad man, whose "dying hour was gloom" (Easterly 339). Â   Works Cited Easterly, Joan Elizabeth. "Lachrymal Imagery in Hawthorne's 'Young Goodman Brown.' " Studies in Short Fiction. 28 (1991): 339 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Fort Worth: Harcourt, 1997. 298-308. Â  Mikosh, Bert A. "The Allegorical Goodman Brown." An American Literature Survey Site. September 1996. Â  Segura, Giberto. "The View of 'Young Goodman Brown.' " An American Literature Survey Site. September 1996. (31 March 1999)

The First Amendment Essay -- The Bill of Rights

America has been built on freedom throughout the years. Freedom to speak, freedom to choose, freedom to worship, and freedom to do just about anything you want within that of the law. America’s law has been designed to protect and preserve these freedoms. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. It assures citizens that the federal government shall not restrict freedom of worship. It specifically prohibits Congress from establishing an official, government supported church. Under The First Amendment, the federal government cannot require citizens to pay taxes to support a certain church, nor can people be prohibited from worshipping in any way they see fit. However, if a certain religion recommends a practice that is contrary to public morals, such as polygamy, Congress may prohibit such a practice (Weidner, Daniel, 2002). The people of the United States also have the right to assemble peaceably under the First Amendment. The o nly restriction comes from the word peaceably. Assembly may not be prevented, as long as the proper authorities have reasonable assurance that the meeting will be peaceful (Weidner, Daniel, 2002). Since the early history of our country, the protection of basic freedoms has been very important to Americans. The American voice on freedom has been shaped throughout history. The Bill of Rights was originally drawn up in June, 1789. On December 15th, 1791, the Bill of Rights were ratified and added to the United States Constitution. James Madison said that a bill of rights was good for the â€Å"tranquility of the public mind, and the stability of the government† (Burgar, Michael, 2002). Free speech and free press were most important to the drafters of the Bill of Ri... ...ves would be completely different in many different ways. Works Cited Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo (1974). (n.d.). Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. Retrieved April 20, 2011, from http://www.infoplease.com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar22.html First Amendment Theories. (n.d.). Theories. Retrieved April 20, 2011, from http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~rr194602/Media%20Law/Theories.html Weidner, D. W. (2002). Creating the Constitution: the people and events that formed the nation. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow. Burgan, M. (2002). The Bill of Rights . Minneapolis, Minn.: Compass Point Books. Notable First Amendment court cases. (n.d.). American Library Association. Retrieved April 20, 2011, from www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/ †¨ The First Amendment Essay -- The Bill of Rights America has been built on freedom throughout the years. Freedom to speak, freedom to choose, freedom to worship, and freedom to do just about anything you want within that of the law. America’s law has been designed to protect and preserve these freedoms. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. It assures citizens that the federal government shall not restrict freedom of worship. It specifically prohibits Congress from establishing an official, government supported church. Under The First Amendment, the federal government cannot require citizens to pay taxes to support a certain church, nor can people be prohibited from worshipping in any way they see fit. However, if a certain religion recommends a practice that is contrary to public morals, such as polygamy, Congress may prohibit such a practice (Weidner, Daniel, 2002). The people of the United States also have the right to assemble peaceably under the First Amendment. The o nly restriction comes from the word peaceably. Assembly may not be prevented, as long as the proper authorities have reasonable assurance that the meeting will be peaceful (Weidner, Daniel, 2002). Since the early history of our country, the protection of basic freedoms has been very important to Americans. The American voice on freedom has been shaped throughout history. The Bill of Rights was originally drawn up in June, 1789. On December 15th, 1791, the Bill of Rights were ratified and added to the United States Constitution. James Madison said that a bill of rights was good for the â€Å"tranquility of the public mind, and the stability of the government† (Burgar, Michael, 2002). Free speech and free press were most important to the drafters of the Bill of Ri... ...ves would be completely different in many different ways. Works Cited Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo (1974). (n.d.). Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. Retrieved April 20, 2011, from http://www.infoplease.com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar22.html First Amendment Theories. (n.d.). Theories. Retrieved April 20, 2011, from http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~rr194602/Media%20Law/Theories.html Weidner, D. W. (2002). Creating the Constitution: the people and events that formed the nation. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow. Burgan, M. (2002). The Bill of Rights . Minneapolis, Minn.: Compass Point Books. Notable First Amendment court cases. (n.d.). American Library Association. Retrieved April 20, 2011, from www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/ †¨

Compare and Contrast Women in The Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour :: Yellow Wallpaper Story of an Hour

Compare and Contrast Women Characters in The Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an Hour      Ã‚  Ã‚   Women have traditionally been known as the less dominant sex.   Through history women have fought for equal rights and freedom.   They have been stereotyped as being housewives, and bearers and nurturers of the children.   Only recently with the push of the Equal Rights Amendment have women had a strong hold on the workplace alongside men.   Many interesting characters in literature are conceived from the tension women have faced with men.   This tension is derived from men; society, in general; and within a woman herself.   Two interesting short stories, â€Å"The   Yellow Wall-paper and â€Å"The Story of an Hour, â€Å" focus on a woman’s plight near the turn of the 19th century.   This era is especially interesting because it is a time in modern society when women were still treated as second class citizens.   The two main characters in these stories show similarities, but they are also remarkably different in the ways they deal with their problems and life in general.   These two characters will be examined to note the commonalities and differences.   Although the two characters are similar in some ways, it will be shown that the woman in the â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is a stronger character based on the two important criteria of rationality and freedom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the unnamed female protagonist is going through a rough time in her life.   (For now on, this paper will refer to this unnamed character as the â€Å"the narrator in ‘Wall-paper,’† short for â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper.   The narrator is confined to room to a room with strange wall-paper.   This odd wall-paper seems to symbolize the complexity and confusion in her life.   In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard must also deal with conflict as she must deal with the death of her spouse.   At first there is grief, but then there is the recognition that she will be free.   The institute of marriage ties the two heroines of these two short stories together.   Like typical young women of the late 19th century, they were married, and during the course of their lives, they were expected to stay married.   U nlike today where divorce is commonplace, marriage was a very holy bond and divorce was taboo.   This tight bond of marriage caused tension in these two characters.

Sample Thesis

A Sample Thesis Wit h a Subt it le by Micha elM cNeil Fo rb es B. Sc. , The Univer s ity of Br itis h Co lumbia , 19 99 M. Sc. , The Univer s ity of Br itis h Co lumbia , 20 01 SUBMITTE D TO THE DE PARTME NT OF P HYSICS AND ASTRO NO MY IN PARTIAL FULFILLME NT OF THE RE Q UIRE ME NTS FO R THE DE GRE E OF MAST E R O F SCIE NCE AT THE MASSACHUSE TTS INSTITUTE OF TE CHNO LO GY cMicha elM cNeil Fo rb es, 20 00. All r ig hts r eser ved. The a utho r her eby gr a nts to MIT p er mis sio n to r epr o duce a nd to distr ibute publicly pa p er a nd electr o nic copies of this thesis do cument in whole or in par t. Sig na ture of Autho r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Depa r tment of P hysics a nd Astr o no my June 2 0 04 Ce r ti? e d by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Fr a nk Wilczek Her ma n Feshba ch Pr o fess or of P hysics Thesis Sup ervisor Accepted by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Tho ma s Gr eytak P ro fessor a nd Asso cia te Depa r tment Head fo r E duca tion 2 In pr esenting this thes is in pa r tia l ful? llment of the r equir ements fo r an a d- va nced deg r ee at the Univer sity of Br itish Co lumbia,I ag r ee tha t the L ibrary sha ll ma ke it fr eely ava ila ble fo r r efer ence a nd study. I further ag r ee tha t p er mis- sio n f o r extensive co pying of this thesis fo r scho la r ly pur p oses may be gr a nted by the hea d of my depa r tment or by his or her r epr es enta tives. It is under s to od tha t co pying or publica tio n of this thesis fo r ? a ncia l ga in sha ll no t be a llowed witho ut my wr itten p er missio n. (Sig na ture) Depa r tment of P hysics a nd Astr o no my Ma ssa chusetts Institute of Techno lo gy Ca mbr idg e, Ma ssa chusetts, USA Da te A Sample Thesis Wit h a Subt it le by Micha elM cNeil Fo rb es Submitted to the Depa r tment of P hysics a nd Astr o no my o n Ja nua ry 5, 20 10 , in pa r tia l ful? llment of the r equir ements fo r the deg r ee of Ma s ter of Science A b stract The ge nt he si s. cls L ATEX class ? le a nd accompanying do cuments, such as this sa mple thesis, ar e distr ibuted in the ho p e tha t it will be useful but witho ut a ny a rr a nty (witho ut even the implied wa rr a nty of ? tness fo r a pa r ticula r pur p ose). Fo r a descr iptio n of this ? le†™s pur p ose, a nd instr uctio ns on its use, see b elow. These ? les ar e dis tr ibuted under the GP L which s ho uld be included her e in the futur e. P lea se let the a utho r know ofa ny cha ng es or impr ovements that sho uld b e ma de. Micha el Fo rb es. mfo rb [email  protected] a lum. mit. edu Thesis Sup ervisor:Fr a nk Wilczek Title: Her ma n Fes hba ch Pr o fess or of P hys ics 4 C h ap ter1 Tabl e of C ontents Abs tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tabl e of Contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2 List of Tabl es †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 3 Li st of Fi g ures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4 Pre face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 Acknowl e dg em e nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 Po em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 I Thesis 11 7 Thi s is a Chapter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 7. 1 A Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7. 1 . 1 This is a Subsection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8 Another Chapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8. 1 Ano ther Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 9 Landscap e Mo de †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 B i bl i o g raphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 A pp endices A First App endix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 5 C h ap ter2 L is t of Tabl es 5. 1 Po tentia l so ur ces of info r ma tio n r eg ar ding thesis pr epa ra tio n at MI T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7. 1 Here is the ca ptio n fo r this wo nder ful ta ble. Text of Ca ptio n.. . 13 6 C h ap ter 3 L is t of Fi gures 8. 1 Ha ppy Face:? g ur e exa mple†¦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7 C h ap ter4 P r efa ce These pa p er s have b een publis hed ea r lier . . .. 8 C h ap ter5 Ack now l edgem ents Tha nk yo u mo ther her e. 9 Di scl ai m er The mi tt h es is L ATEX cla ss a nd the a cco mpa nying sa mple ? les are un o? cial a nd are not supp orted by the Massa chusetts Institute of Technolog y. WhileI have a ttempted to ma ke the style ? le a nd sa mple ? les co nfo rm to a llof the r equir ements set fo r th by the libr ar y,yo u sho uld a lways co nsult o ne ofthe library sta ? memb ers fo r assista nce with pro blems efore s tar ting ? naldr a ft. Yo u sho uld be a ble to ? nd the thesis r equir ements at o ne of the fo llowing sites: h t t p : / /l i b ra r i es . mi t. ed u /a rc h iv es / th es is – sp ec s/ h t t p : / /l i b ra r i es . mi t. ed u /a rc h iv es / in de x. h tml Ta ble 5 . 1:Po tentialso ur ces ofinfo r ma tio n r eg ar ding thesis pr epa ra tio n at MI T. 10 C h ap ter6 A Japanes e I ntro ducti on This is a s ma ll p o em, a little p o em, a Ha iku, to show you how to. —Micha el Forb es. This sma ll p o em shows sever al fea tur es: †¢The ew pa ge co mma nd ha s b een used to fo rce a pa ge br ea k. The pa g estyle ha s b een set to suppr ess the hea der s using the co mma nd th is pa ge s tyle {pla in} . No te tha t using p ag es ty le {p l a in} wo uld have a ? ected a ll of the s ubs equent pa g es. †¢The c ha pt er [P oe m] {A Ja pa ne se In tr od uc ti on} command hasbe en used with an o ptio na l ar g ument to g ener a te a title a nd to list this â€Å" cha p- ter† in the table of contents as â€Å"Po em†. If o ne did no t desir e to have an entr y in the ta ble of co ntents,then o ne wo uld just use the starr ed co m- ma nd ch ap t er *{} . The use of an o ptio nala r g ument is us efulfo r lo ng hapter a nd section titles that take up to o much space in the table of c o nte nts. †¢All of this ha s b een do ne before the m ai nm at ter comma nd ha s b een issued to delay nor mal Ara bic numb ering. Thus , this p o em w ill b e num- b ered with lowercase Roman numerals as part of the fro nt matter. 11 Pa r tI T hes is 12 C h ap ter7 T hi s is a Chapter 7. 1 A S ec tion Her e is a sectio n with so me text. Equations lo ok like this y=x. This is an exa mple of a seco nd pa ra gr a ph in a sectio n so yo u ca n see how much it is indente d by. 7. 1. 1 This is a Subsec t ion Her e is an exa mple of a cita tio n:[1]. The a ctualfo rm of the cita tio n is g ov- er ned by the biblio gr a phys tyle. These cita tio ns ar e ma intained in a BIBTeX ? le s am pl e. bib . Yo u co uld typ e these dir ectly into the ? le. Fo r an exa mple o f the format to use lo ok at the ? le mi ts am pl e. bbl a fter yo u co mpile this ? le. This is an exa mple of a seco nd pa ra gr a ph in a s ubsectio n so yo u ca n see how much it is indente d by. Thi s is a Subsubse cti on Her e ar e so me mo re cita tio ns [2 , 3, 4]. If yo u use the na tb ib packa ge with the s or t& co mp re ss optio n,then the fo llowing cita tio n willlo ok the same as the rst cita tio n in this sectio n:[2, 3, 4]. This is an exa mple of a seco nd pa ra gr a ph in a s ubsubsectio n so yo u ca n see how much it is indente d by. Thi s is a Paragraph Pa ra gr a phs a nd s ubpa ra gr a phs ar e the s ma lles t units o f tex t. Ther e is no s ubs ubs ubs ectio n etc. Thi s is a Subparagraph This is the la st level of or ga nisa tio n. If yo u need m o re tha n this, yo u s ho uld co nsider r eo rg a nizing yo ur wo r k. .. f(x)= x e? y2 2dy e ?z 2dz(7 . 1) In order to show you what a separate page would lo ok like (i. e. witho uta cha pter hea ding ) I must typ e so me mo re text. T hus I willba bble a bit a nd keep ba bbling fo r at lea st o ne mo re pa g e. . . Wha t yo u sho uld notice is that the cha pter titles a pp ea r substa ntia lly lower tha n the co ntinuing text. Ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble 7. 1. A Sec tion 13 P ho enix $ 9 60 . 35 C a lg a ry$ 2 50 . 00 Ta ble 7 . 1:Here is the ca ptio n fo r this wo nder ful ta ble. Text of Ca ption babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble a bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble. Ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble b a bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble abble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble babble babble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble ba bble. 14 C h ap ter8 Another C ha pter w i tha Ver y L ong C hapter -name that wi ll P robabl y C ause P robl ems This chapter name is very long and do es not display prop erly in the running ea ders or in the ta ble ofco ntents. To de alwith this, we pr ovide a sho r ter ver sio n of the title as the o ptio na l ar g ument to the c ha pt er [] {} co mma nd. 8 . 1 An oth er S ection Another bunch of text to demonstra te what this ? le do es. You mig ht wa nta list fo r exa mple: †¢An item in a lis t. †¢Ano ther item in a lis t. An Unnumb ered Section That is Not Included in th e Table of Contents He r e is a n ex a mple ofa ? g ur e envir o nment. Per ha ps I sho uld say tha t the exa mple of a ? g ur e ca n be seen in Fig ur e 8 . 1. Fig ur e pla cement ca n be tr icky withLATEX b ecause ? ur es and ta bles ar e tr ea ted as â€Å"? o ats†:te x t ca n ? ow a ro und them, but if ther e is no t eno ug h spa ce, they will a pp ear la ter. To pr event ?gures from going to o far, the a fter page {cle ar pa ge} co mma nd ca n b e used. This makes sure that the ? gure a pp ears on the following page. (Witho ut the af te rp ag e{} command, the page would be bro ken to o ear ly. Fo r mo re deta iled co ntr o l, co ns ider us ing the he re pa ckag e. Figures can make a do cument more enjoyable as demonstra ted by Figure 8 . 1. 8. 1. Ano ther Section 15 ?ma kes me ha ppy! Fig ure 8. 1:This is a ? ure of a ha ppy fa ce witha ps fr ag r epla cement. The o r ig ina l ? g ur e (dr awn in x? g a nd exp or ted to a . eps ? le) ha s the text â€Å" pie ma kes me ha ppy! †. Theps fr ag pa ckage r eplaces this withâ€Å" ?ma kes me ha ppy! †. No te tha t we have used the o ptio na l ar g ument fo r the ca ptio n co mmand so tha t o nly a sho rt versio n of this ca ptio n o ccur s in the list of ? g ur es. 8. 1. Ano ther Section 16 An Unnumb ered Subsection Note tha t ifyo u use subsectio ns or fur ther divisio ns under an unnumb er ed sectio n, then yo u sho uld ma ke them unnumb er ed as well o ther wise yo u will end p with zeros in the section numb ering. 17 C h ap ter9 Landscap e Mo de The landscap e mo de a llows you to rotate a page thro ugh 90 degrees. It is genera lly no t a go od idea to ma ke the cha pter heading la ndscap e, but it ca n be useful fo r lo ng ta bles etc. This text should appea r rotated, allowing for formatting of very wide tables etc. Note that this might only wo convert the dvi ? le to a postscript (ps) or pdf ? le using dvi ps or dvi pdf etc. 19 Bi bl i ogr aphy [1] Micha el McNeil Fo rb es a nd Ar iel R. Zhitnitsky. Da rk a ntima tter as a ga la ctic he a ter:X-r ays fr om the co re of o ur ga la xy. J CAP, 08 01:0 23, 2 00 8. [2] L. D. La nda u and E. M. Lifs hitz. Qu an tu m Mechan ics:Non -relat ivist ic theory , vo lume 3 of Cou rse of Theoret icalPhys ics . Per ga mo n Pr ess, O xfo r d; New Yo r k, thir d editio n, 19 89 , c1 97 7. [3] R. D. Peccei. Sp ecial topics:The s tr o ng CP pr o blem. In C. Ja r lsko g, edito r, CP violat ion . Wo r ld Scienti? c, Sing ap or e, Ja nua ry 19 89. [4] M. S. Tur ner. Da rk ma tter,da rk ener gy a nd funda mentalphy s ics. a str o- ph/9912211, Decemb er 1999. 20 Ap p end ixA First App endix Here you can have your a pp endices.